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ASP.NET

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ASP.NET (software)
ASP.NET (software)
Image: source and license
DevelopersMicrosoft, Scott Guthrie
ReleaseJanuary 5, 2002
Stable release4.8.1 / August 9, 2022[1]
Written in.NET languages
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows, Linux, macOS
Platform.NET Framework
TypeWeb framework
LicenseProprietary software[2]
Websitedotnet.microsoft.com/en-us/apps/aspnet 
Repositorygithub.com/aspnet/AspNetWebStack
Filename extension.aspx, .asmx, .aspc,[3] .cshtml, .vbhtml
Internet media typetext/html
Developed byMicrosoft

ASP.NET is a server-side web-application framework designed for web development to produce dynamic web pages. It was developed by Microsoft to allow programmers to build dynamic web sites, applications and services. The name stands for Active Server Pages Network Enabled Technologies.

Microsoft first announced ASP.NET to the public under the codename ASP+, and it is a re-implementation of their Active Server Pages (ASP) technology.[3] ASP.NET is built on the Common Language Runtime (CLR), allowing programmers to write ASP.NET code using any supported .NET language.[4] The ASP.NET SOAP extension framework allows ASP.NET components to process SOAP messages.

In 2016, Microsoft released ASP.NET Core as ASP.NET's successor. This new version is a re-implementation of ASP.NET as a modular web framework, together with other frameworks like Entity Framework. The new framework uses the new open-source .NET Compiler Platform (codename "Roslyn") and is cross platform. ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web API, and ASP.NET Web Pages (a platform using only Razor pages) have merged into a unified MVC (model–view–controller) 6.[5]

Programming models#edit

ASP.NET supports a number of programming models for building web applications:[6]

  • ASP.NET Web Forms – A framework for building modular pages out of components, with UI events being processed server-side. This framework is not included in the ASP.NET Core versions; it only works in the "classic" ASP.NET, on Windows.
  • ASP.NET MVC – allows building web pages using the model–view–controller design pattern.
  • ASP.NET Web Pages – A lightweight syntax for adding dynamic code and data access directly inside HTML markup.[7]
  • ASP.NET Web API – A framework for building Web APIs on top of the .NET Framework.[8]
  • ASP.NET WebHooks – Implements the Webhook pattern for subscribing to and publishing events via HTTP.
  • SignalR – A real-time communications framework for bi-directional communication between client and server.

Other ASP.NET extensions include:

  • ASP.NET Handler – Components that implement the System.Web.IHttpHandler interface. Unlike ASP.NET Pages, they have no HTML-markup file, no events and other supporting. All they have is a code-file (written in any .NET-compatible language) that writes some data to the server HTTP response. HTTP handlers are similar to ISAPI extensions.
  • ASP.NET AJAX – An extension with both client-side as well as server-side components for writing ASP.NET pages that incorporate Ajax functionality.
  • ASP.NET Dynamic Data – A scaffolding extension to build data driven web applications.

IIS integrated pipeline#edit

ASP.NET integration with IIS
ASP.NET integration with IIS Image: source and license

On IIS 6.0 and lower, pages written using different versions of the ASP framework cannot share session state without the use of third-party libraries. This does not apply to ASP.NET and ASP applications running side by side on IIS 7. With IIS 7.0, modules may be run in an integrated pipeline that allows modules written in any language to be executed for any request.[9]

Third-party frameworks#edit

It is not essential to use the standard Web forms development model when developing with ASP.NET. Noteworthy frameworks designed for the platform include:

Versions#edit

ASP.NET's release history tightly correlates with the .NET Framework releases:

DateVersionRemarksNew ASP.NET related features
January 16, 20021.0First version

released together with Visual Studio .NET		Object-oriented Web application development supporting inheritance, polymorphism and other standard OOP features
Developers are no longer forced to use Server.CreateObject(...), so early-binding and type safety are possible.
Based on Windows programming; the developer can make use of DLL class libraries and other features of the Web server to build more robust applications that do more than simply rendering HTML (e.g., exception handling)
April 24, 20031.1released together with Windows Server 2003

released together with Visual Studio .NET 2003		Mobile controls
Automatic input validation
November 7, 20052.0codename Whidbey
released together with Visual Studio 2005 and Visual Web Developer Express
and SQL Server 2005		New data controls (GridView, FormView, DetailsView)
New technique for declarative data access (SqlDataSource, ObjectDataSource, XmlDataSource controls)
Navigation controls
Master pages
Login controls
Themes
Skins
Web parts
Personalization services
Full pre-compilation
New localization technique
Support for 64-bit processors
Provider class model
November 21, 20063.0Released with Windows VistaWindows Presentation Foundation (WPF)
Windows Workflow Foundation (WF)
Windows Communication Foundation, which can use ASP.NET to host services
Windows CardSpace, which uses ASP.NET for login roles
November 19, 20073.5Released with Visual Studio 2008 and Windows Server 2008New data controls (ListView, DataPager)
ASP.NET AJAX included as part of the framework
Support for HTTP pipelining and syndication feeds.
WCF support for RSS, JSON, POX and Partial Trust
All the .NET Framework 3.5 changes, like LINQ etc.
August 11, 20083.5 Service Pack 1Released with Visual Studio 2008 Service Pack 1Incorporation of ASP.NET Dynamic Data
Support for controlling browser history in an ASP.NET AJAX application
Ability to combine multiple JavaScript files into one file for more efficient downloading
New namespaces System.Web.Abstractions and System.Web.Routing
April 12, 20104.0Released with Visual Studio 2010
Parallel extensions and other .NET Framework 4 features		The two new properties added in the Page class are MetaKeyword and MetaDescription.
August 15, 20124.5Released with Visual Studio 2012 and Windows Server 2012 for Windows 8
Parallel extensions and other .NET Framework 4.5 features
October 17, 20134.5.1Released with Visual Studio 2013[10] for Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows 8.1Bootstrap 3.0
Web API 2: OAuth 2.0, OData improvements, CORS
MVC 5: Attribute routing, authentication filters and filter overrides
EF 6
SignalR
OWIN
May 5, 2014[11]4.5.2Higher reliability HTTP header inspection and modification methods
New way to schedule background asynchronous worker tasks
July 20, 2015[11]4.6Released[12] with Visual Studio 2015[13] and EF 7 Previews for Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10HTTP/2 support when running on Windows 10
More async task-returning APIs
November 30, 2015[11]4.6.1
August 2, 2016[11]4.6.2Improved async support (output-cache and session providers)
April 11, 2017[11]4.7Included in the Windows 10 Creators Update[14]operating system support for TLS protocols
October 17, 2017[11]4.7.1Included in the Windows 10 Fall Creators Update.[15]Improved accessibility
Value tuple types serialization
SHA-2 support
April 30, 2018[11]4.7.2
August 09, 2022[11]4.8.1Released[16]JIT and NGEN Improvements
Updated ZLib
Reducing FIPS Impact on Cryptography
Accessibility Enhancements for WinForms
Service Behavior Enhancements for WCF
High DPI Enhancements, UIAutomation Improvements for WPF
November 18, 20155 RC1This version was later separated from ASP.NET and brought into a new project called ASP.NET Core, whose versioning started at 1.0.[17]An entirely new project with different development tenets and goals
Legend:
Unsupported
Supported
Latest version
Preview version
Future version

Other implementations#edit

The Mono Project supports "everything in .NET 4.7 except WPF, WWF, and with limited WCF and limited ASP.NET async stack."[18] ASP.NET can be run with Mono using one of three options: Apache hosting using the mod_mono module, FastCGI hosting, and XSP.

References#edit

  1. ^ ".net framework download page".
  2. ^ "Microsoft .NET Framework Redistributable EULA". MSDN. Microsoft. September 13, 2006. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2015.
  3. ^ a b Kinsman, Chris (July 2000). "Introduction to ASP+". DevX. Archived from the original on February 2, 2003. Retrieved August 13, 2025.
  4. ^ MacDonald, Matthew; Szpuszta, Mario (2005). Pro ASP.NET 2.0 in C# 2005 (1st ed.). Apress. pp. 5–6. ISBN 1-59059-496-7. [...] ASP.NET pages and web services are executed within the CLR (common language runtime), so they can be authored in any language that has a CLR-compliant compiler. [...] ASP.NET gives you the ability to code in any supported .NET language (including Visual Basic, C#, J#, and many other languages that have third-party compilers).
  5. ^ FitzMacken, Tom (December 11, 2014). "ASP.NET 5 Overview". ASP.NET. Archived from the original on November 15, 2014.
  6. ^ "Choose between ASP.NET and ASP.NET Core". Microsoft Docs. March 14, 2018. Archived from the original on May 9, 2018.
  7. ^ "ASP.NET Web Pages (Razor) FAQ". docs.microsoft.com.
  8. ^ Wasson, Mike (September 30, 2022). "Get Started with ASP.NET Web API 2 (C#)". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved September 13, 2026.
  9. ^ "How to Take Advantage of the IIS 7.0 Integrated Pipeline". iis.net. June 14, 2022. Archived from the original on March 24, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2009.
  10. ^ "Announcing release of ASP.NET and Web Tools for Visual Studio 2013".
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h ".net framework product lifecycle".
  12. ^ "Announcing .NET Framework 4.6".
  13. ^ "Visual Studio 2015 and Visual Studio 2013 Update 5 Released". msdn.com. Microsoft. July 20, 2015.
  14. ^ "Announcing the .NET Framework 4.7". April 5, 2017.
  15. ^ "Announcing the .NET Framework 4.7.1". October 17, 2017.
  16. ^ "Announcing the .NET Framework 4.8". April 18, 2019.
  17. ^ "Releases". GitHub.
  18. ^ "Compatibility". Mono. Retrieved August 13, 2025.
Categories ASP.NET2002 softwareMicrosoft application programming interfacesMicrosoft free softwareMicrosoft Visual StudioSoftware using the Apache licenseTemplate enginesWeb frameworks

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